- ↑
GGR208 Lecture 06
GGR208 Lecture 06 Raw
GGR208 Lecture 06 Flashcards
-
Completed Notes Status
- Completed insertions: 17
- Ambiguities left unresolved: none
-
Lecture Summary
- Central objective: Evaluate demographic and economic variables (TFR, IMR, sector expenditures) to determine societal sustainability, and analyse the impacts of female education on fertility and development.
- Key concepts:
- Demographics & Dependency Ratio: Extreme aging issues are visible in countries like Sweden, Portugal, Singapore, and China; lower TFR and increasing elderly populations force re-prioritization of healthcare over education.
- Economic Efficiency: Analyzing time-series data shows that growing energy and emission outputs alongside an expanding tertiary sector indicate poor efficiency gains and lack of innovation, rather than traditional secondary sector growth.
- Female Empowerment & Fertility: Increased female education delays marriage, reduces family size, and provides choices beyond motherhood; however, empowering women requires concurrent economic opportunities to be effective.
- Connections:
- Female Empowerment and economic development are engaged in a feedback loop; education fosters the socio-cultural shifts that lower the Total Fertility Rate, which subsequently reshapes the Dependency Ratio and redirects national expenditure away from youth education toward elder healthcare.
-
Practice Questions
- Remember/Understand:
- What is the demographic replacement level for the Total Fertility Rate?
- How does female illiteracy correlate with national fertility rates?
- Which four countries were cited as having extreme aging issues?
- Apply/Analyze:
- How can a country experience increasing emissions and energy consumption while its tertiary sector is expanding?
- Why might a decreasing teacher-to-student ratio occur simultaneously with decreasing overall education expenditure?
- Evaluate/Create:
- Evaluate the sustainability of a society where the Gross National Income and healthcare spending increase by over 50%, but education spending as a percentage of GNI decreases.
- Remember/Understand:
-
Challenging Concepts
- Economic Efficiency vs Sector Growth:
- Why it's challenging: It is counter-intuitive that energy and emissions would rise rapidly while the service (tertiary) sector expands instead of the manufacturing (secondary) sector.
- Study strategy: Review the difference between absolute sector growth and sector efficiency; recognize that slow innovation in services can still yield high energy waste.
- Female Empowerment (The Chicken and Egg Problem):
- Why it's challenging: Determining whether socio-cultural change (via education) precedes economic development, or if economic development is required to fund socio-cultural change.
- Study strategy: Frame this as a reciprocal relationship rather than a linear causality; memorize that education policy acts as a catalyst but fails without parallel economic infrastructure (employment).
- Economic Efficiency vs Sector Growth:
-
Action Plan
- Immediate review actions:
- Practice and application:
- Deep dive study:
- Verification and integration:
- Immediate review actions:
-
Footnotes